Mansuk OH, Wooyoung Shin
Abstract
Bureau of Statistics, Korea, has been collecting data from deaths each year about the cause of death and other demographic variables. Statistical analysis of such data would give not only useful guidelines for individual health care but also establishing governmental policies for health care system. However, only univariate analyses have been done and there is a need for multivariate analysis of the data to control confounding factors. In this paper, we analyze the Cause of Death Statistics, Korea, 2008. We especially focus on two diseases, 'Neoplasm, blood and blood diseases and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism' which is the most frequent cause of deaths and 'Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases' which is rapidly increasing among Koreans. We use a logistic model for each of the two response variables. We first search for an appropriate model for the data, perform test of significance for each explanatory variable, and then interpret the effect of each explanatory variable to the response variables. The analysis results show that for 'Neoplasm, blood and blood diseases and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism', there is a higher chance that this disease would be a cause of death for residents in large cities, for city laborers, and people with a low education level. For 'Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases', there is a higher chance that this disease would be a cause of death for men, for people with more stressful jobs. Especially, the effect of job on this disease is very strong. For instance, the odds of technicians would die of 'Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases' is 2.64 times larger than that of students·houseworkers·unemployeds.
Keyword: Cause of Death Statistics, Logistic regression model, Confounding factor.
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the various tourism demand models and compare their explanatory power with that of the simple broken trend line. It is well known that tourism demand is responsive to such variables as income, relative prices and exchange rates. A voluminous literature tend to model the tourism demand using the price variable including exchange rate and the income variable such as GDP and industrial production index. Few study, however, analyse the fitness of those structural models in details. This paper, hence, introduces five structural models and simple broken trend line. The structural models include tourism demand, exchange rate, industrial production, and dummy variables representing seasonal fluctuations, foreign exchange crisis, SARS and global financial crisis. The estimation results show that there is no great difference among four structural models the gap among three models is very small. The thing is that the very simple broken trend line fits the tourism demand very closely. This means that it may not be necessary to model and estimate the complicate structural model composed of the economic variables and dummy variables to forecast the tourism demand.
Keyword: Exchange rate, industrial production, residual, seasonal dummy
Abstract
This research examined the relationship among servant leadership, intrinsic motivation, organizational citizenship behaviors with 171 employees in social welfare organization. The present research found that (1)servant leadership was positively related to intrinsic motivation, (2)servant leadership was positively related to organizational citizenship behavior, (3)intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between the servant leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors.
Keyword: Servant leadership, Intrinsic motivation, Organizational citizenship behaviors, social welfare organization
Sangjune Park, Junyeol Yang, Eunjeong Kim
Abstract
Korean pharmaceutical sector has entered into ultimate competition after the signature of the free trade agreement(FTA) between U.S.A. and Korea. Due to the Korean government’s policy for separation of treatment and pharmacy, in addition, only doctors have the right to prescribe drugs. Before the policy physicians and pharmacists shared the right to prescribe drugs in Korea. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies have focused on physicians to enhance their market shares or profits. This paper classifies physicians into two types: self-employed and salaried physicians. Then it investigated whether or not usage and perceived credibility of information sources for medicines, and preferred promotion activities are different by the physician types. In the final section, it suggests several managerial implications for pharmaceutical companies.
Keyword: Salaried Physicians, Self-employed Physicians, Promotion Activities
Abstract
This paper investigates the lead-lag relations among lean hog futures and spot market"s returns during the sample period covering from July 21, 2008 to March 20, 2013. To test the short-run information transmission between two markets as well as the market efficiency, we employ Granger causality test based on the vector autoregressive model("VAR"). Considering the long-run relationship, that is co-integration relationship between the two level variables of lean hog spot and futures markets, we incorporate the error correction term into the VAR model. The main empirical results are as follows. First, according to the ADF and PP test, we find that the level variables of lean hog spot and futures have unit root alike but differenced the returns have no unit root and that time series data is stable. Second, we find a co-integration relationship among the lean hog spot and futures markets with a statistically significant level. Third, according to the VAR(3) and Granger causality tests, there is a bilateral influences between the lean hog spot and futures. but the influencing power from lean hog spot to lean hog futures are more greater than that from lean hog futures to spot market. From these empirical results we infer that lean hog spot markets are more efficient than lean hog futures. This means that policy maker should be concerned with increasing the liquidity of lean hog futures markets in Korea.
Keyword: Lean Hog Spot and Futures, Granger Causality Test, Impulse Response Analysis, Variance Decomposition
Abstract
This thesis aims at looking into supervisory trust that sales person recognize about line supervisors and organization citizenship behaviors that sales persons recognize about head office support, and in addition also looking into the influence of organization justice on perceived organization support and supervisory trust. This thesis classified organization justice into procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactive justice and investigated how the organization justice had an influence on perceived organization support and supervisory trust. In addition this thesis drew out hypotheses on direct and indirect influences of perceived organization support on organization citizenship behaviors. To test hypotheses samples were selected from sales persons working at automobile companies and insurance companies. The objects were 200 sheets, and this thesis examined only 185 sheets excluding unfaithful ones. As a result, this thesis found out that organization commitment had an influence on altruism, but didn’t have an influence on conscientiousness. Supervisory trust had an influence on organization commitment, consciousness, and altruism generally. Perceived organization support didn’t have an influence on organization commitment, but had an influence on supervisory trust. Procedure justice had an affirmative influence on organization commitment and distributive justice had an influence on perceived organization support and supervisory trust. In the end, interactive justice had an influence on perceived organization support and supervisory trust.
Keyword: Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice, Interactive Justice, Perceived Organization Support, Supervisory Trust, Organization Commitment, Conscientiousness, Altruism