Ninjin Bolortsogoo, Sumi Choi, Battuya Demberel
Abstract
Voluntary disclosure provided by the public listed companies brings macro and micro level benefits. To achieve the benefits from voluntary disclosure, it is essential to evaluate the current state of disclosure and identification of the determinants of the disclosure is crucial. The paper evaluates the voluntary disclosure among Mongolian stock exchange listed companies and investigates the firm-level variables influencing on the voluntary disclosure. The result shows firm size, type of external audit firm, number of listed years variables have significant and positive relationship with voluntary disclosure and significant negative relationship exists between number of operating years and voluntary disclosure.
Keyword: Voluntary Disclosure, Mogolian Stock Exchange
Abstract
This paper first extracts the main basis for the Middle-Income Trap(MIT) to apply these grounds to Secular Stagnation reality of the Korea economy. And then confirmed crisis factors of Korea economy. Also discussed then the economic reforms of Korea in order to escape from the MIT. After reviewing previous research extracted six factors the results will correspond to comply with the Korea economy. Those are 'continuous reduction of TFP' ‘disappearance and the aging of the population bonus', 'excessive debt and structural adjustment and financial instability of the company', 'income unequal expansion', ’low competitiveness of financial and digital industry, future growth industry’, and ‘high regulation and low transparency index'. Korea's policy direction to avoid the MIT generally set properly, but proof that implementation process not easy, was appearing everywhere. After all, Korea economy should be transformed now to a reforms of 'government failure' and promotion of function for ongoing restructuring system in the market. It is inevitable to face major constraints and uncertainties to develop the structural transformation in both the internal and the external aspects.
Keyword: Middle-income trap, Secular Stagnation, TFP, Population bonus, Debt dependency growth, Income unequality, Future growth industrie, Regulation and transparency index
Sanghoon Lee, Jae Hong Hwang
Abstract
This study examines Adam Smith’s theory in the light of evolutionary theory and neuroscience. Smith’s theory is based on evolutionary thinking, and the concept of sympathy is understood as an outcome of evolutionary processes. An evolutionary interpretation of institutions and social norms is also found in Smith’s works. An emotional connection with others has captured the attention of many neuroscientists, which is closely related to Smith’s sympathy, and two examples are mirror neurons and the theory of mind.
Keyword: Adam Smith, Evolutionary Theory, Neuroscience
Abstract
This article criticizes Descartes and Newton's mechanistic teleology, which has been established as a hard core of neoclassical economics, with Spinoza's Etica and metaphysics, which pointed out Cartesian errors fundamentally. Review if you should go out. Spinoza's Ethica deals with the Substance of God and nature, nature of human, emotion, freedom, reason, happiness, and includes a wide range of contents including practical strategies. Spinoza-based economics paradigms are already emerging in Darwin, evolutionary economics, and nonlinear complex economies. Homo economius is nothing more than a combined error of Descartes' rationalism and empirical philosophy. Spinoza's mind and body parallelism, the desires of the body that were regarded as irrational, and the new conception of common reason rather than instrumental reasoning that calculate and measure provide the philosophical foundation for the new economic system of knowledge beyond the paradigm of neurology and behavioral economics. Spinoza's conatus, capability and joy, and community society open the door to better possibilities while standing at the same level as the capability approach of non-mainstream economics. In response to the rapidly changing economic world, economics must also have flexible resilience to ensure the accuracy of new analyzes, theoretical systems, and predictions. In this sense, the possibility of a hard core of Spinoza philosophy and new economics could be an opportunity for the firm to build a future-oriented paradigm.
Keyword: Spinoza, Descartes, economic methodology, evolution, emotion, conatus, joy, sorrow, Homo economius
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between strategic leadership, adaptive capacity, innovativeness, and task performance. The research hypotheses and research model are presented based on the review and discussions of previous studies and the relationships between these variables are analyzed empirically through structural equation analysis. As a result, strategic leadership has positively influenced employees’ adaptive capacity, and adaptive capacity has a positive effect on innovativeness and task performance. Strategic leadership, on the other hand, did not directly affect task performance, but indirectly affect task performance through adaptive capacity and innovativeness. Based on these results, it was found that leaders need to improve employees’ adaptive capacity and innovativeness in order to raise their task performance. Also, it was also found that adaptive capacity and innovativeness plays an important role in improving task performance.
Keyword: Strategic Leadership, Adaptive Capacity, Innovativeness, Task Performance
-Focused on Mediating Effect of Job Insecurity and Moderating Effect of Social Support-
Ying Jiang, Huo, MiaoMiao, Hongyan Zhang, Sunyoung Kim
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of employment types on the job insecurity and labor turnover intention of the small and medium manufacturing employees. Based on the social exchange theory and norm of reciprocity, this paper suggests that temporary employees exhibit more job insecurity and labor turnover intention than regular employees. In addition, this paper proposes that there are positive relationships between job insecurity and labor turnover intention, and those relationships are positively moderated by social support. job insecurity had a mediating effect on employment types and labor turnover intention. To test the hopotheses proposed, data were collected from a sample of employees working for the small and medium manufacturing. 270 questionnaires were carried out, and 243 questionnaires were returned. After excluding 30 unusable cases which had unacceptable level of missing data, 213 cases were used for analysis. Firstly, Results in this study supported the expectations of social exchange theory that temporary employees would exhibit more job insecurity and labor turnover intention than regular employees. Secondly, the results supported the hopotheses that job insecurity is positively related to labor turnover intention. Thirdly, job insecurity had a mediating effect on employment types and labor turnover intention. Fourthly, colleague support had a moderating effect on job insecurity and labor turnover intention, but supervisor support did not have a moderating effect on job insecurity and labor turnover intention. According to the research results, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employment types and employees' job insecurity in small and medium manufacturing firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implement it.
Keyword: employment types, job insecurity, turnover intention, social support