Hyunsuk Choi, Saehya Ann, Thomas Padron
Abstract
Career competencies is defined as an individual’s ability to self-manage working and learning experiences in order to achieve specific career advancement goals and professional success. Today, hospitality businesses require their employees to have and develop various managerial skills and competencies, compared to what were required in the past. This is because the hospitality industry challenges the individuals more than any other industry - long working hours, and a high tolerance for stress due to the characteristics of service products. Since there has been only limited studies on a lodging industry competency model, specifically for the San Francisco Bay Area, the current study has its importance and uniqueness and the results of this study can contribute to both the academia and industry. Additionally, the previous research studies that focused on developing competency models for a lodging industry have not reached agreement when it comes to the most important competencies to train and foster future hospitality leaders. Therefore, the findings of this study will provide invaluable information for all parties that are involved such as students, hospitality educators, program coordinators, and industry professionals.
Keyword: Career competency model, San Francisco Bay Area, lodging industry
Yangjun Gu, Jooyoung Yoon, Sijin Liu
Abstract
This paper aims at finding and proposing Korea’s desirable policies and systems SPS measures in future by reviewing WTO/SPS Agreement, the U.S. legal frameworks of SPS measures and the cases of the related disputes in WTO. As a result of this study, the authors found several meaningful points. Firstly, there are many articles and words which can bring forth controversies between WTO members in the process of SPS related disputes. Secondly, U.S. legal frameworks related to SPS measures are very complicated and strong in comparison with other countries, and its complexity and strictness are being one of major cause of frequent dispute. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the cases of disputes in which U.S. involved as complainant and respondent, the authors found that the high-level scientific knowledge and capability are needed to evaluate risks in relation to SPS measures. Therefore, Korea has to reset its SPS systems positively, cultivate many of professional manpowers and build up the close cooperative systems including exchange of SPS informations with the advanced countries.
Keyword: WTO/SPS Disputes, WTO/SPS Agreement, U.S. SPS Law, SPS Measures
Abstract
With the development of information and communication technology and the increasing number of the technology users, many electronic commerce companies have been providing international easy payment service for customers. Nonetheless, not all customers adopt the service. Drawing on the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the present study developed a theoretical model that may explain customers’ adoption of international easy payment service. The theoretical model was empirically tested with data collected from a survey on Chinese people’s usage of electronic commercial sites. The data were analyzed with a structural equation modeling technique. The results of this analysis are as follows. First, Trust, perceived behavior control, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use have positive effects on users’ willingness to use. Second, perceived ease of use has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, trust and perceived behavior control have positive effects on attitude toward usage. Fourth, trust has a positive effect on users’ attitude toward usage and willingness to use. Fifth, perceived behavior control have positive effects on users’ attitude toward usage and willingness to use. The results suggest that the higher international easy payment service’s reliability is, the more likely the users adopt the service. In addition, the more knowledgable customers are, the more successfully the customers complete the transactions on electronic commercial sites.
Keyword: Chinese Customers, International Easy Payment Service, Korean Products, Technology, Acceptance Model, Theory of Planned Behavior
Abstract
China has carried out the One Country, Two System policy of national sovereignty with a different legal system in one country since the return of Hong Kong from the UK on July 1st, 1997. Due to the political specificity between the China and Hong Kong, have formed their independent and separate law zones. On the one hand, as a result of the economic trade increase, disputes among them have also increased. As a result, the use of the arbitration system as a means of resolving commercial disputes between them has also increased. To solve this problem, China and Hong Kong have concluded agreement for the approval and enforcement of arbitral awards referred as "Arrangements of the Supreme People"s Court on the Mutual Enforcement of Arbitral Awards between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", which is almost similar to the agreements concluded with other countries. This agreement allows for the independent enforcement of laws as well as swift approval and enforcement of arbitral awards among them. This study analyzes the characteristics and problems related to the approval and enforcement of arbitration between China and Hong Kong. Based on this, this study proposes the commercial dispute resolution tends to become more complicated and prolonged with a bigger trade size and more complicate trade patterns between Korea and them. Finally, this study tries to state both the precautions and opportunities for Korea enterprises in the use of their arbitration systems.
Keyword: Arbitration, the Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards, China's Arbitration